Retinal diseases

Retinal Diseases

The retina is a thin, light-sensitive layer on the inner surface of the eye responsible for perceiving light and transmitting visual information to the brain. Diseases of the retina can lead to significant vision impairment and even complete blindness if not treated promptly.

Main Retinal Diseases:

• Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
  Damage to the central area of the retina, causing loss of central vision.

• Diabetic Retinopathy
  Damage to the retinal blood vessels in the context of diabetes, accompanied by swelling, hemorrhages, and the risk of retinal detachment.

• Retinal Detachment
  A dangerous condition requiring immediate surgical intervention.

• Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
  Impairment of blood flow in the main retinal vessels, leading to sudden vision deterioration.

• Hemophthalmos
  Hemorrhage into the vitreous body, resulting in reduced transparency of the eye's medium.

• Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
  Accumulation of fluid under the retina, causing distortion and vision reduction.

• Pigment Retinitis
  A hereditary disease accompanied by gradual loss of peripheral vision and reduced night vision.

• Macular Tear
  Damage to the central part of the retina, leading to impaired image clarity.

• Retinopathy of Prematurity
  Retinal development pathology in premature children, potentially leading to irreversible blindness.

• Chorioretinitis
  Inflammatory disease affecting the retina and the vascular layer of the eye.

Diagnostic Methods:

• Ophthalmoscopy
  Examination of the fundus of the eye.

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
  High-precision visualization of retinal layers.

• Fluorescein Angiography
  Assessment of the condition of retinal blood vessels using a contrast agent.

Treatment Methods:

• Laser Coagulation
  Strengthening the retina to prevent its detachment and the development of new pathological vessels.

• Anti-VEGF Therapy
  Injections of drugs that suppress the growth of pathological vessels in AMD and diabetic retinopathy.

• Vitrectomy
  Surgical removal of the vitreous body, indicated in cases of hemophthalmos, macular tear, and retinal detachment.

• Pneumatic Retinopexy
  Injection of gas into the eye for temporary reattachment of the retina during detachment.

• Scleroplasty
  Strengthening the sclera to stabilize the retina and prevent disease progression.

• Surgical Removal of Epiretinal Membrane
  Performed in cases of macular tear and other degenerative changes.

• Corticosteroid Injections
  Used in inflammatory diseases such as chorioretinitis.

• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
  Treatment of pathological vessels using laser and photosensitizing drugs.

• Medication Therapy
  Includes antioxidants, vasoprotective, and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Timely diagnosis and treatment help preserve vision and quality of life!